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Knee Replacement Surgery, medically known as Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA), is a highly successful procedure designed to relieve pain and restore function in a severely damaged knee joint. Think of it as resurfacing a worn-out joint rather than simply “replacing” it.

The knee is a complex hinge joint where the ends of your thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia) meet, cushioned by a layer of tough, smooth cartilage. When this cartilage wears away due to conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis, the bones begin to rub against each other. This causes pain, stiffness, swelling, and a significant loss of mobility.

During the surgery, the surgeon removes the damaged bone and cartilage surfaces and caps them with artificial components made of metal alloys, high-grade plastics, and polymers. This creates a new, smooth-gliding joint surface.

Who is a Candidate for Knee Replacement Surgery?

This surgery is not a first resort. It is considered when conservative, non-surgical treatments have failed to provide adequate relief. You might be a candidate if you experience:

• Severe Pain: Pain that is constant, limits everyday activities (walking, climbing stairs, getting in and out of chairs), and even disturbs your sleep.
• Significant Stiffness: Inability to fully bend or straighten the knee.
• Chronic Swelling and Inflammation: Swelling that does not subside with rest and medication.
• Joint Deformity: The knee begins to bow inward (“knock-knees”) or outward (“bow-legged”).
• Failed Non-Surgical Treatments: When options like physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, injections (cortisone, hyaluronic acid), and lifestyle modifications (weight loss, use of a cane) no longer work.

The decision is based on your pain and disability, not just your age or X-ray findings.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery

• Total Knee Replacement (TKR):

1. 1. • The most common procedure. The entire knee joint is resurfaced by replacing the ends of the femur and tibia and usually the underside of the kneecap (patella).
        
        

• Partial Knee Replacement (Unicompartmental Knee Replacement):

1. 1. • Used when arthritis is confined to a single compartment (side) of the knee.
      • Advantages: Smaller incision, less bone removal, faster recovery, and more natural knee feeling post-surgery.
      • Disadvantage: Not suitable if arthritis is widespread.
        
        

• Robotic-Arm Assisted or Computer-Navigated Knee Replacement:

1. • Not a different type of replacement, but an advanced tool.
   • The surgeon uses 3D pre-operative planning and real-time data from a computer or robotic system to execute the surgery with exceptional precision.
   • This can lead to better implant alignment, potentially improving longevity and function.

The Surgical Procedure: A Step-by-Step Overview

1. Anesthesia: You will receive either general anesthesia (put to sleep) or regional anesthesia (a spinal or epidural block that numbs the lower half of your body).
2. Incision: The surgeon makes an incision over the front of your knee, typically 6-8 inches long.
3. Preparing the Bone: The damaged bone ends and cartilage are precisely removed using specialized guides and instruments.
4. Implanting the Prosthesis: The artificial components are secured to the prepared bone surfaces:
   • The femoral component (metal) is attached to the end of the thigh bone.
   • The tibial component (metal tray) is attached to the top of the shin bone.
   • A plastic spacer (medical-grade polyethylene) is inserted between the metal components to create a smooth, gliding surface.
   • The patellar component (a plastic button) is often attached to the back of the kneecap.
5. Closing the Incision: The layers of tissue and skin are closed with stitches or surgical staples.

Recovery and Rehabilitation: The Road to a New Knee

Recovery is a process that requires patience and active participation.

In the Hospital (Typically 1-3 Days):

• You will be encouraged to stand and walk with a walker or crutches the same day or the day after surgery.
• A physical therapist will teach you initial exercises after knee replacement to strengthen your leg and restore knee movement.
• Pain is managed effectively with medications.

At Home (First Few Weeks):

• Physical Therapy is Non-Negotiable: This is the most critical part of your recovery. You will have sessions at home or at a clinic to progressively improve your strength, range of motion, and balance.
• Pain and Swelling: Some pain and swelling are normal and can be managed with ice, elevation, and medication.
• Activity: You will gradually reduce your reliance on walking aids.

Long-Term Recovery (3-6 Months to a Year):

• Most people resume normal daily activities within 6 weeks and feel significant improvement by 3 months.
• Full recovery, where the knee feels completely natural and strong, can take 6-12 months.

Potential Risks and Disadvantages of Knee Replacement Surgery

While the knee replacement success rate is over 90%, it is major surgery and carries risks, including:

• Infection: Can occur at the incision site or deep around the prosthesis.
• Blood Clots (Deep Vein Thrombosis): A risk after any major surgery; you will be given blood thinners to prevent this.
• Implant Loosening or Wear: Over time (often 15-20+ years), the implant can loosen or the plastic spacer can wear down, potentially requiring a revision surgery.
• Stiffness (Arthrofibrosis): Scar tissue can form, limiting the knee’s range of motion.
• Nerve or Blood Vessel Injury: Rare, but can occur during surgery.
• Persistent Pain: A small percentage of patients may continue to have some pain.
• Allergic Reaction: Very rare reactions to the metal components.

Life After Surgery: Maximizing Your Success

Activity: You can and should stay active to maintain your health and the function of your new knee. Recommended activities include walking, swimming, cycling, and golf. You must generally avoid high-impact activities like running, jumping, and contact sports to protect the implant from excessive wear.

The Best Sitting Position After Knee Replacement:

• Avoid sitting with your knees bent for prolonged periods (e.g., in a low chair or long car ride).
• Sit in chairs with a higher seat.
• Do not cross your legs, as this can put stress on the healing tissues.
• Periodically stretch and straighten your leg while sitting.

Avoiding Common Mistakes:

• Skipping Physical Therapy: This is the #1 mistake. It is essential for regaining strength and motion.
• Being Overly Cautious: While you must follow precautions, being too afraid to move can lead to stiffness.
• Ignoring Signs of Trouble: Report increased redness, swelling, warmth, drainage, or fever to your doctor immediately, as these can be signs of infection.
• Not Managing Swelling: Consistently use ice and elevate your leg above heart level.

The Importance of Choosing the Right Surgeon and Facility

The skill and experience of your surgical team are paramount to a successful outcome. When looking for the best knee replacement surgeon in India or your local area, consider their:

• Volume of Procedures: Surgeons who perform a high number of knee replacements annually typically have better outcomes.
• Training and Specialization: Look for an orthopedic surgeon specializing in joint replacement.
• Hospital’s Reputation: Choose a facility with a dedicated orthopedic unit and a proven track record for successful surgeries and low complication rates.

Why Choose Bharatkare for Your Knee Replacement Journey?

At Bharatkare, we understand that undergoing knee replacement is a major life decision. We are committed to guiding you through every step with expertise and compassion.

• Expert Vetting: We connect you with highly experienced, best-in-class knee replacement surgeons who are leaders in their field.
• Comprehensive Care: From your initial diagnosis and planning through your surgery, rehabilitation, and long-term follow-up, we provide end-to-end support.
• Advanced Technology: Our partner hospitals are equipped with the latest technology, including options for robotic-assisted surgery for unparalleled precision.
• Transparent Guidance: We provide clear information about the procedure, recovery expectations, and costs, ensuring you can make a confident, informed decision.

Don’t let knee pain dictate your life. Contact Bharatkare today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a pain-free, active future.