Enlarged Prostate (BPH) – Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options

An enlarged prostate, also known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), is a common condition affecting men as they age. It occurs when the prostate gland grows larger, pressing against the urethra and causing urinary symptoms. While BPH is not cancerous, it can significantly impact quality of life. At Bharatkare, we provide advanced diagnostic and treatment options for enlarged prostate, ensuring personalized care and effective results.

If you’re experiencing symptoms like frequent urination, weak urine flow, or difficulty starting and stopping urination, consult our experts today. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.

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Dr Ashish Sachdeva

MBBS, MS - General Surgery, General Surgeon, Bariatric Surgeon, Laparoscopic Surgeon

4.9/5

20 Years Experience

Vadodara, India

Dr. Tanmay Jain

General Surgeon, Laparoscopic Surgeon and Proctologist

4.9/5

12 Years Experience

Jaipur, India

Dr. Vikram Vasuniya

MBBS, MS (General Surgery) General Laparoscopic & Laser Surgeon, Laser Proctologist

4.9/5

14 Years Experience

Bhopal, India

Dr. Sujeet Kumar Bharti

MBBS, MS (General Surgery) General Laparoscopic & Laser Surgeon, Laser Proctologist

4.9/5

22 Years Experience

Patna, India

Dr. Ankur K. Patel

MBBS, MS (General Surgery) General, Laparoscopic, FACRSI, FALS, Endoscopist

4.9/5

16 Years Experience

Ahmedabad, India

What is an Enlarged Prostate (BPH)?

The prostate is a small gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. As men age, the prostate gland can enlarge, a condition known as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH).

BPH is not life-threatening, but it can cause bothersome urinary symptoms, including:

  • Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia)
  • Difficulty starting urination
  • Weak or interrupted urine stream
  • Incomplete bladder emptying
  • Urgency to urinate
  • Dribbling at the end of urination

BPH is common in men over 50, with the risk increasing with age. By the age of 60, about 50% of men experience BPH symptoms, and by 85, this number rises to 90%.

Types and Grades of Prostate Enlargement

Prostate enlargement is categorized based on its severity and impact on urinary function. The prostate enlargement grading system helps doctors determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Grades of Prostate Enlargement

  1. Grade 1 Prostate Enlargement (Mild):
    • The prostate is slightly enlarged.
    • Symptoms are mild and may not require immediate treatment.
    • Lifestyle changes and medications are often recommended.
  2. Grade 2 Prostate Enlargement (Moderate):
    • The prostate is moderately enlarged.
    • Symptoms are more noticeable and may interfere with daily activities.
    • Treatment options include medications, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery.
  3. Grade 3 Prostate Enlargement (Severe):
    • The prostate is significantly enlarged.
    • Symptoms are severe and may lead to complications like urinary retention or bladder damage.
    • Surgical intervention is often necessary

How is an Enlarged Prostate Diagnosed?

Diagnosing BPH involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Here’s an overview of the diagnostic process:

  1. Medical History:
    • Your doctor will ask about your symptoms, their duration, and any factors that worsen or improve them.
  2. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE):
    • The doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel the prostate gland and assess its size and shape.
  3. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test:
    • A blood test to measure PSA levels, which can be elevated in BPH or prostate cancer.
  4. Urine Flow Study:
    • Measures the strength and volume of your urine flow to assess bladder function.
  5. Post-Void Residual Volume Test:
    • Determines how much urine remains in the bladder after urination.
  6. Enlarged Prostate Ultrasound:
    • An imaging test that provides a detailed view of the prostate gland and surrounding structures.
  7. Cystoscopy:
    • A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the urethra to examine the bladder and prostate.

Foods to Avoid with Enlarged Prostate

Diet plays a crucial role in managing BPH symptoms. Certain foods can exacerbate symptoms, while others can provide relief. Here’s a list of foods to avoid with enlarged prostate:

  • Caffeine: Found in coffee, tea, and energy drinks, caffeine can irritate the bladder and increase urinary frequency.
  • Alcohol: Alcohol can dehydrate the body and worsen urinary symptoms.
  • Spicy Foods: Spices can irritate the bladder and prostate, leading to discomfort.
  • Processed Foods: High in sodium and preservatives, processed foods can contribute to inflammation.
  • Red Meat: High consumption of red meat has been linked to prostate enlargement.

Foods for Enlarged Prostate

Incorporating certain foods into your diet can help manage BPH symptoms and promote prostate health. Here are some foods for enlarged prostate:

  • Tomatoes: Rich in lycopene, an antioxidant that supports prostate health.
  • Green Leafy Vegetables: Spinach, kale, and broccoli are high in vitamins and minerals.
  • Berries: Blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries are packed with antioxidants.
  • Nuts and Seeds: Walnuts, flaxseeds, and pumpkin seeds are excellent sources of healthy fats and zinc.
  • Fish: Salmon, mackerel, and sardines are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which reduce inflammation.

Exercise for Enlarged Prostate

Regular physical activity can improve urinary symptoms and overall prostate health. Here are some effective exercises for enlarged prostate:

  1. Kegel Exercises:
    • Strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, improving bladder control.
  2. Aerobic Exercises:
    • Activities like walking, swimming, and cycling improve blood flow and reduce inflammation.
  3. Yoga for Enlarged Prostate:
    • Poses like the Child’s Pose and Bridge Pose can relieve pressure on the prostate.

Treatment Options for Enlarged Prostate (BPH)

The treatment for an enlarged prostate depends on the severity of symptoms, the size of the prostate, and the patient’s overall health. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medications to minimally invasive procedures and surgery. At Bharatkare, we tailor treatment plans to meet individual needs, ensuring the best possible outcomes.

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

For mild to moderate BPH, non-surgical treatments are often the first line of defense. These include:

1. Medications

  • Alpha-Blockers:
    • Relax the muscles of the prostate and bladder neck, improving urine flow.
    • Examples: Tamsulosin, Alfuzosin.
  • 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors:
    • Shrink the prostate gland by reducing hormone levels that contribute to prostate growth.
    • Examples: Finasteride, Dutasteride.
  • Combination Therapy:
    • Alpha-blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may be prescribed together for better results.

2. Lifestyle Changes

  • Dietary Adjustments: Incorporate foods for enlarged prostate and avoid foods to avoid with enlarged prostate.
  • Bladder Training: Practice timed voiding to improve bladder control.
  • Fluid Management: Limit fluid intake before bedtime to reduce nighttime urination.

3. Natural Remedies

  • Saw Palmetto: A herbal supplement that may help reduce BPH symptoms.
  • Pygeum: Derived from African plum tree bark, it may improve urinary flow.
  • Beta-Sitosterol: A plant compound that can alleviate urinary symptoms.

4. Yoga for Enlarged Prostate

  • Certain yoga poses, such as Child’s Pose, Cobra Pose, and Bridge Pose, can help relieve pressure on the prostate and improve pelvic floor strength.

5. Acupressure Points for Enlarged Prostate

  • Stimulating specific acupressure points can promote prostate health and alleviate symptoms. Key points include:
    • CV4 (Guan Yuan): Located below the navel, it supports bladder and prostate function.
    • SP6 (San Yin Jiao): Found above the ankle, it helps regulate urinary and reproductive systems.

Minimally Invasive Procedures

When medications and lifestyle changes are insufficient, minimally invasive procedures may be recommended. These procedures are less invasive than surgery and have shorter recovery times.

1. Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT)

  • Uses microwave energy to heat and destroy excess prostate tissue.
  • Improves urine flow and reduces symptoms.

2. Transurethral Needle Ablation (TUNA)

  • Delivers radiofrequency energy to shrink the prostate tissue.
  • Effective for moderate BPH symptoms.

3. Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE)

  • A non-surgical procedure that blocks blood flow to the prostate, causing it to shrink.
  • Performed by an interventional radiologist.

4. UroLift System

  • A minimally invasive procedure that uses small implants to lift and hold the prostate tissue away from the urethra.
  • Provides rapid relief with minimal side effects.

Surgical Treatment Options

For severe BPH or when other treatments fail, surgery may be necessary. Here are the most common surgical procedures:

1. Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

  • The gold standard for BPH surgery.
  • Involves removing excess prostate tissue using a resectoscope inserted through the urethra.
  • Effective for improving urine flow and relieving symptoms.

2. Laser Surgery for Enlarged Prostate

  • Uses laser energy to vaporize or remove prostate tissue.
  • Types of laser surgery include:
    • Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP): Removes large amounts of prostate tissue.
    • GreenLight Laser Therapy: Vaporizes prostate tissue with minimal bleeding.
  • Advantages: Less bleeding, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery compared to TURP.

3. Open Prostatectomy

  • Recommended for very large prostates.
  • Involves making an incision in the abdomen to remove prostate tissue.
  • Requires a longer recovery period.

Comparison of Surgical Procedures

Procedure

Invasiveness

Recovery Time

Effectiveness

Risks

TURP

Moderate

4-6 weeks

High

Bleeding, retrograde ejaculation

Laser Surgery

Low

1-2 weeks

High

Minimal bleeding, faster recovery

Open Prostatectomy

High

6-8 weeks

Very High

Longer recovery, higher risk

Why Choose Laser Surgery for Enlarged Prostate?

Laser surgery is considered one of the most advanced and effective treatments for BPH. Here’s why:

  • Minimally Invasive: No large incisions are required.
  • Precision: Targets only the enlarged tissue, sparing surrounding areas.
  • Quick Recovery: Most patients return to normal activities within a week.
  • Reduced Risk of Complications: Lower risk of bleeding and infection compared to traditional surgery.

If you’re considering enlarged prostate surgery cost, contact us for a detailed consultation. Our team will guide you through the options and help you make an informed decision.

How to Prepare for Enlarged Prostate Surgery

Preparation is key to a successful outcome. Here’s what to expect:

  1. Medical Evaluation: Your doctor will perform tests, including an enlarged prostate ultrasound, to assess your condition.
  2. Medication Adjustments: Stop taking blood thinners or other medications as advised.
  3. Fasting: Avoid eating or drinking for 8-12 hours before the procedure.
  4. Arrange Transportation: You’ll need someone to drive you home after surgery.

Recovery After Enlarged Prostate Surgery

Recovery after enlarged prostate surgery varies depending on the type of procedure performed. Here’s what you can expect during the recovery process:

1. Immediate Post-Operative Period

  • Hospital Stay:
    • Minimally invasive procedures like laser surgery or UroLift may allow you to go home the same day.
    • More invasive procedures like TURP or open prostatectomy may require a hospital stay of 1-3 days.
  • Catheter Use:
    • A urinary catheter may be placed to help drain the bladder for a few days after surgery.
  • Pain Management:
    • Mild to moderate pain is common, but it can be managed with prescribed pain medications.

2. First Few Weeks After Surgery

  • Rest and Activity:
    • Avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, or vigorous exercise for at least 4-6 weeks.
    • Light activities like walking are encouraged to promote healing.
  • Hydration and Diet:
    • Drink plenty of water to flush out the bladder and prevent urinary tract infections.
    • Eat a high-fiber diet to avoid constipation, which can strain the surgical site.
  • Follow-Up Appointments:
    • Regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor healing and address any concerns.

3. Long-Term Recovery

  • Urinary Symptoms:
    • You may experience temporary urinary symptoms like urgency, frequency, or mild incontinence. These usually improve within a few weeks.
  • Sexual Function:
    • Some men may experience retrograde ejaculation (semen flowing backward into the bladder) after surgery. This is common but not harmful.
    • Erectile dysfunction is rare but can occur in some cases.

Post-Operative Care for Enlarged Prostate Surgery

Proper post-operative care is essential for a smooth recovery and optimal results. Here are some tips:

  1. Keep the Surgical Area Clean:
    • Follow your doctor’s instructions for wound care to prevent infection.
  2. Take Prescribed Medications:
    • Use pain relievers, antibiotics, and stool softeners as directed.
  3. Avoid Straining:
    • Do not strain during bowel movements. Use a stool softener if needed.
  4. Stay Hydrated:
    • Drink at least 8-10 glasses of water daily to support urinary and overall health.
  5. Monitor for Complications:
    • Watch for signs of infection, excessive bleeding, or severe pain and report them to your doctor immediately.

Potential Complications of Enlarged Prostate Surgery

While enlarged prostate surgery is generally safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries some risks. Here are the potential complications:

  1. Bleeding:
    • Some bleeding is normal, but excessive bleeding may require medical attention.
  2. Infection:
    • Urinary tract infections or wound infections can occur but are treatable with antibiotics.
  3. Urinary Incontinence:
    • Temporary or, in rare cases, permanent loss of bladder control.
  4. Retrograde Ejaculation:
    • Semen flows backward into the bladder instead of exiting the body during ejaculation.
  5. Erectile Dysfunction:
    • Rare but possible, especially with more invasive procedures.
  6. Stricture or Scarring:
    • Narrowing of the urethra due to scar tissue, which may require additional treatment.

Long-Term Management of Enlarged Prostate

  • Even after successful treatment, long-term management is crucial to prevent recurrence and maintain prostate health. Here’s how you can manage BPH in the long run:

    1. Regular Check-Ups

    • Schedule annual visits with your urologist to monitor prostate health and detect any changes early.

    2. Healthy Lifestyle Choices

    • Diet: Continue eating foods for enlarged prostate and avoid foods to avoid with enlarged prostate.
    • Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity, including exercise for enlarged prostate and yoga for enlarged prostate.
    • Weight Management: Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on the bladder and prostate.

    3. Natural Remedies and Supplements

    • Consider natural remedies like saw palmetto, pygeum, or beta-sitosterol to support prostate health.
    • Always consult your doctor before starting any supplements.

    4. Stress Management

    • Practice relaxation techniques like meditation or deep breathing to reduce stress, which can exacerbate BPH symptoms.

    5. Monitor Symptoms

    • Keep track of any changes in urinary symptoms and report them to your doctor promptly.

Enlarged Prostate Ultrasound: A Key Diagnostic Tool

An enlarged prostate ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging test that provides detailed images of the prostate gland. It helps:

  • Assess the size and shape of the prostate.
  • Detect abnormalities like tumors or cysts.
  • Guide minimally invasive procedures like biopsies or laser surgery.

At Bharatkare, we use advanced ultrasound technology to ensure accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.

ICD-10 Codes for Enlarged Prostate

For medical billing and documentation, the following ICD-10 codes are used:

  • N40.0: Enlarged prostate without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  • N40.1: Enlarged prostate with LUTS.
  • N40.2: Nodular prostate without LUTS.
  • N40.3: Nodular prostate with LUTS.

These codes are essential for insurance claims and medical records.

FAQ

You Can Find All Answers Here

Certain foods can worsen BPH symptoms. Avoid or limit:

  • Caffeine (coffee, tea, energy drinks)
  • Alcohol
  • Spicy foods
  • Processed and red meats
  • High-sodium foods

Include these prostate-friendly foods in your diet:

  • Tomatoes (rich in lycopene)
  • Green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale)
  • Berries (blueberries, strawberries)
  • Nuts and seeds (walnuts, pumpkin seeds)
  • Fish (salmon, mackerel)

Yes, regular exercise for enlarged prostate can improve symptoms. Activities like walking, swimming, and yoga for enlarged prostate are particularly beneficial.

The ICD-10 codes for enlarged prostate are:

  • N40.0: Enlarged prostate without lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
  • N40.1: Enlarged prostate with LUTS.

No, surgery is not always necessary. Mild to moderate BPH can often be managed with medications, lifestyle changes, and minimally invasive procedures.

The enlarged prostate surgery cost varies depending on the procedure, hospital, and location. Contact us for a detailed consultation and cost estimate.

Grade 1 prostate enlargement refers to mild enlargement with minimal symptoms. It can often be managed with lifestyle changes and medications.

Yes, yoga for enlarged prostate can improve pelvic floor strength and reduce symptoms. Poses like Child’s Pose and Cobra Pose are particularly helpful.

Stimulating acupressure points for enlarged prostate, such as CV4 (Guan Yuan) and SP6 (San Yin Jiao), can promote prostate health and alleviate symptoms.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of:

  • Medical history
  • Digital rectal examination (DRE)
  • Enlarged prostate ultrasound
  • Urine flow study
  • PSA test
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